How is hydration best managed for athletes during prolonged exercise?

The best way to manage hydration for athletes during prolonged exercise is by consuming fluids and electrolytes before, during, and after exercise. This approach is important because it helps maintain fluid balance and supports optimal performance levels. When athletes exercise for extended periods, especially in hot conditions, they lose not only water but also essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride through sweat.

Replacing these fluids and electrolytes is critical in preventing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can impair performance and lead to issues like cramping or heat exhaustion. By consuming a combination of water and electrolyte-enriched beverages, athletes can effectively replenish what they lose during exercise, sustain their energy levels, and enhance recovery afterward.

Focusing solely on water, as suggested in one of the options, can lead to an imbalance, especially if the exercise is prolonged and intense, making it less effective for optimal hydration. Similarly, claiming hydration is not a concern during exercise overlooks the physiological demands athletes face. Lastly, while sports drinks can be beneficial, they should not be the exclusive source of hydration, as a balanced approach that includes both water and electrolytes is more effective.