What effect does acute stress have on metabolism during exercise?

Acute stress during exercise triggers a number of physiological responses that can significantly impact metabolism. When the body experiences stress, it typically releases hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol. These hormones mobilize energy reserves to prepare the body for immediate activity or a 'fight or flight' response.

One of the primary effects of these hormonal changes is the increased catabolism of glycogen and fat stores. Glycogen, stored in the liver and muscles, is broken down into glucose, which can be rapidly utilized for energy. Simultaneously, fat stores undergo lipolysis, where triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids, providing an additional energy source. This process ensures that the body has sufficient energy availability during exercise, particularly when faced with acute stressors that require heightened physical performance. As a result, the correct response accurately reflects how acute stress influences the metabolism during exercise by increasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat to meet the energy demands of the moment.