What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-alanine supplementation?

The primary mechanism of action for beta-alanine supplementation is enhancement of muscle carnosine levels. Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that, when ingested, contributes to the synthesis of carnosine, a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine found predominantly in skeletal muscle. Carnosine acts as a buffer against acid in the muscles, particularly during high-intensity exercise.

By increasing muscle carnosine content, beta-alanine supplementation helps to reduce the accumulation of hydrogen ions during intense physical activity, which can lead to fatigue. This buffering capacity enables athletes to sustain higher levels of performance for longer durations, especially in activities that require short bursts of effort, such as sprinting or weight training.

The other available options do not accurately reflect the primary mechanism of action of beta-alanine. For instance, while creatine is indeed important for energy production, beta-alanine does not directly increase creatine synthesis. The stimulation of protein synthesis pertains more to other amino acids and nutritional strategies rather than solely to beta-alanine. Although improved oxygen delivery is critical for endurance performance, this is more associated with other supplements, such as nitrates or those affecting hemoglobin levels, rather than the specific action of beta-alanine. Thus,