Which of the following is a consequence of overhydration during exercise?

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, which can occur due to overhydration during exercise. When excessive amounts of water are consumed, it can dilute the sodium concentration in the body, leading to an imbalance. This is particularly concerning for athletes who consume large volumes of water without adequate electrolyte replacement, especially in long-duration events.

Hyponatremia can result in serious health issues, such as confusion, seizures, and in extreme cases, it can even be life-threatening. It disrupts the normal physiological functions that sodium is involved in, such as nerve transmission and muscle contractions.

In contrast, overhydration does not lead to increased energy levels or muscle performance; in fact, it can cause fatigue and hinder physical performance due to the body's stress response to the electrolyte imbalance. Likewise, rather than reducing the risk of heat stroke, overhydration can complicate thermoregulation and contribute to heat-related illnesses. Therefore, understanding the implications of proper hydration during exercise is critical to maintaining performance and safety.