Which type of athletes are most susceptible to electrolyte disturbances?

Endurance and ultra-endurance athletes are particularly susceptible to electrolyte disturbances due to the prolonged duration and intensity of their activities. During extended periods of exercise, especially in hot and humid conditions, these athletes can experience significant fluid losses through sweat. As they sweat, not only do they lose water, but they also lose essential electrolytes like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride.

The nature of endurance events, which can last for several hours or even days, means that athletes are continuously depleting their electrolyte stores, which can disrupt their body's balance. This disruption can lead to issues such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels), muscle cramps, and altered neuromuscular function, making it crucial for these athletes to carefully manage their fluid and electrolyte intake.

In contrast, strength athletes, team sport athletes, and powerlifters typically engage in shorter bursts of intense activity where the duration is not long enough to create significant electrolyte imbalances. While hydration is still important for all athletes, the risk of electrolyte disturbance is predominantly amplified in those who engage in prolonged endurance events.